EFI BIOS

Once the PC is turned on, the BIOS will check for almost ALL COMPONENTS. This time, the review process that occurs and how you can speed up your PC with just a few BIOS settings.

Booting a uniform system starting January 11, 1996. Several companies agreed to create a standard BIOS in the "BIOS Boot Specification." Until recently, the standard becomes the operating system for the system (the bootstrap loader) is still used to set the operating system.

When the operating system is always offered with new features, such as the BIOS is still first. That condition was intentional, the manufacturer does not offer a feature i cool "weird" in the BIOS because it is not unusual for these things can cause problems

The latest EFI BIOS supports native 64-bit and has a graphical interface. However, until recently, rarely PC equipped with EFI because it is not compatible with existing motherboards. Only Apple is using BIOS wear this type since 2006. How where you able to install Mac OS on a PC with an EFI-Electric

If all goes well, you will briefly hear "beep". For most users, this signal is a sign that the computer is in good condition and is ready to run PC operating systems. However, there are rarely find out what happened during the first second until the sound of "beep" sound. Power supply, CPU, RAM, hard disk connections, controllers, and motherboards, all checked by the BIOS (Basic Input Output System). This time, we look more closely, what is checked by the BIOS before the computer actually running the operating system.

BIOS that is used by even the newest computer has actually been to the annual age, but still the best. His successor was already available, that is EFI (Extensible Firmware Interface) that supports 64-bit system so it is appropriate for future generations of PCs. Thanks to the graphical user interface, EFI easier than a computer configured with the current BIOS. This new super-new BIOS is used by computers Mac and PC use only slightly worn. How BIOS protocol that is used by almost 90 percent of today's computers, all featured here.

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Once the system is turned on, the first stage of the BIOS, the POST-Test (Power-On Self-Test) will be activated. This phase checks the core components of a computer, whether it is functioning correctly. Next, the BIOS will recognize the computers chipset.

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The first one was done the BIOS is reset the CPU. Here, the BIOS will decide NM-Interrupt-Line (non mask Able Interrrupt) to the CPU. For that, the BIOS will set the 7th bit in the I / O-Port 70h.

In almost the same time, the keyboard controller is also reset with the appropriate Bits Hard Reset after voltage is available. With Reset-Determination, the BIOS also checks whether the controller will only need a Soft-Reset. For that, the BIOS will read the appropriate bit in the keyboard controller. The advantage, Soft-Reset lasts a few milliseconds faster because the system only up to 64 KByte memory test.

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BIOS now examine its own systems by making a checksum consisting of all the bits on the chip. With the numbers that have been determined, the BIOS must produce "2000".

Furthermore, the PC sends an instruction to the keyboard controller. PC will perform other tests and defines a data buffer for programming command. Here, the BIOS will write a command byte and check the internal keyboard controller.

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Now, go into the chip CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor). Here are stored all the user-defined settings for the BIOS. Each time the boot, the BIOS will read the configuration from the CMOS chip. However, the data and settings are only stored in the chip while it is connected to the battery, just like RAM.

Here, the system also test the checksum the CMOS chip, the part that can be written in the BIOS. In addition, a checksum will be made. This process will detect whether a computer battery is damaged. When the battery is weak, the voltage is not sufficient to supply certain components in the CMOS chip. Users will know that user-defined settings in the BIOS and system time is reset.

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In a further step, the POST test-Timer Interrupt function of the duty to improve the function of allocating IRQ. IRQs (Interrupt Requests) is a command that will be sent to the CPU, for example by the hard disk or graphics card so that the processor knows that the data for processing already available. This request is always accompanied by the latency time which will adjust the time between the beginning of IRQ-Signal and data processing.

Next, the BIOS set the IRQ Vector-Table and load user-defined settings in the BIOS to the CMOS-Memory. Interrupt-Queries from the very first device received by the Programmable Interrupt Controller then forwarded to the CPU. Then terminate the command processor is running and confirm the interrupt on the Controller.

Then, the CPU read the IRQ numbers (Vector) accordingly from the Controller and use it as an index in the Interrupt-Vector-Table. This table contains the appropriate allocation for each IRQ, for example where the processes that have been implemented specifically for a particular device. Because of the limited number of available IRQ, on modern systems, multiple devices sharing an interrupt (Interrupt Sharing).

The problem is routine for an interrupt that must be executed by any such device drivers that have enabled the interrupt. This can cause problems if the driver is active for too long (because the drivers are not programmed in an optimal). Meanwhile, another device and then write into the buffer, which quickly filled and there will be overflow from a certain time. This process can cause data to be lost.

Therefore, in modern peripheral devices, operating systems provide a dynamic IRQ numbers.

PC Over Tighten: With BIOS Tricks

Better to use the new BIOS instead of buying a new PC. Typically, the BIOS- using Flash-EEPROMS (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) and can be updated through software. However, you must be careful. Upgrading quite risky. When the update process does not run smoothly, your hardware will be damaged. On the other hand, updating the BIOS can provide much faster performance.

BIOS RECOVERY:

Many motherboards are equipped with an emergency system in the BIOS. When the update process is broken, will run system recovery. From here, you can run a file recovery.

BIOS-tuning:

With the right settings in the BIOS, you can increase your PC's performance significantly.

Generally, by making over-clock the CPU. Enter a value in the menu "Advanced | Configuration JumperFree | CPU Frequency", for example 20 MHz higher than those displayed in the BIOS. With this increase, the CPU temperature will not reach more than 60 degrees Celsius, while at peak load, the temperature does not exceed 90 degrees Celsius.

Improved performance was also obtained by setting the appropriate RAM. Go to the menu "Advanced | Chipset | North Bridge Configuration" and lower "CAS Latency" to "3". If Windows can not boot, restore the value to "4". In the same way, change also the value of "RAS # to CAS # Delay" and "RAS # Precharge". Set the "RAS # Activate to Precharge" to value "10". Principally, the lower the value, the faster computer performance.

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BIOS will test whether there is an error in the allocation Channel and Channel Address on the first MByte RAM. To that end, samples POST write data into RAM and then compare them. Currently, the system of checking and initializing the video adapter graphics card. First, examine the type of Video Adapter BIOS and run a battery of tests on the adapter and monitor. If any, error messages will be displayed on the screen.

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Furthermore, the turn-Controller DMA (Direct Memory Access). CPU and RAM databus connected with the motherboard via a Host-Bridge. Transactions on the bus generally occurs between the bridge and peripheral devices. Peripherals in order to process data quickly and peripherals hostbridge can access directly, without having to go through the RAM. For testing, the BIOS back to using the sample data. The system will write it into memory.

Keyboard device must also be tested. BIOS can now detect the keyboard is not functioning. NumLock button located in the right area of the keyboard will be active.

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Now, the BIOS go into the final test. BIOS re-examine the disk drives, hard disk, and connections, before handing control to the system to interrupt the boot loader-19. The task of this interrupt to load the operating system and monitor the hard disk data transfer along with its controller. Many versions of the BIOS to disable IRQ19 offer this feature. However, these features are only effective if the computer is equipped with an additional drive controller, such as a PCI-RAID-Controller.

If there are errors in self-test, beep signal will be sounded several times and error messages displayed on the screen. To understand this BIOS SOS code, a table was available on the Internet (www.computerhope.com / beep.htm). With these tables, you can limit the sources of error. If you want to ensure that components are damaged, you can use a diagnosis Card. This card is inserted into an empty slot on the motherboard and will display the error code in the form of numbers. A code table is used to find the faulty component.

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If all goes well, the computer reads only briefly and then look for a bootable operating system on the boot media. When an error occurs here, usually caused by the failure of the MBR (Master Boot Record). You can try to restore the system by running the Windows installation DVD. When a PC using Windows XP, booting with the CD is to install and run the "Repair Console". Then, run the command 'fixmbr' and restart. When using Vista, run the installation DVD and select the option "System Repair" in Setup. If this does not work, do the procedure as in XP and go to Repair Console. Then, run the command "bootrec / fixmbr".

If this method fails, do not immediately decide to reinstall. In Vista, a warning message NTLDR is often marked by the cursor on the screen with berkedipnya who is black. In this case, go to the Repair Console and give the following command:

c:

cd·boot

attrib·c:\boot\bcd·-s·-h·-r

ren·c:\boot\bcd·bcd.old

bootrec·/rebuild

When using Windows 7, you can enter a Bootable DVD and his right boot sector recovery through the Repair feature. Note the BIOS boot sequence correct. Here, IRQ19 will find the right system and run a real operating system.

Mac OS X with EFI-X module, you can install another system on your PC.

Manufacturers are less motivated by this BIOS successor. EFI (Extensible Firmware Interface) has long been applied to the Mac computer, while sis where the PC is still limping along. Hardware vendors, MSI, has two new motherboards equipped with EFI. Meanwhile, the new ASUS video display only those concepts with EFI in November last. !

HOW TO BECOME A PC MAC:

With the EFI-X-Module (www.efi-x.com, about U.S. $ 200) you can use a new version of the BIOS. This module is a special internal USB-dongle that will outwit the computer so that the PC is considered as an Apple computer. Mac OS X can be ins tall on all PCs, although it is not available in EFI-BIOS. Without tricks like this, the installation will not succeed. EFI-X module requires specialized hardware, such as an Intel CPU. In addition, the required computer motherboard from Gigabyte or DFI should. For graphics cards, Nvidia or ATI will suffice. If you want to use the EFI-BIOS module on the USB port, you still require additional adapters that are easily available in computer stores. The price is approximately around U.S. $ 4. Now, you must be running Mac OS X from the installation DVD (www.apple.com). Done.

For information, EFI-X Firmware chip is easy to be updated. Update for the chip can be obtained on the Internet. Later, more hardware components that can be operated with the EFI chip.

How To Purchase Diamond Jewelry

If you're a man, you're probably thinking of giving your bride-to-be a diamond ring and would like to ask her to marry you. The idea seems simple enough; you'd go to a jewelry store, select a diamond worthy for your beloved, pay for it and you're ready to go. In reality however, this is not always what it feels like especially if you are able to get a hold of the price tag of your chosen sparkler and you would soon realize how intimidating it is to purchase diamond jewelry gifts. If you have the intention to purchase a diamond in the near future, it is important that you know the tricks of the trade for you to take charge of your transactions and get a run for your money.

According to Fred Cuellar, gemologist and one of the world's top diamond experts, there are basically four things that a consumer has to remember when he or she intends to purchase diamond jewelry gifts, and these could be summarized as BEST: B-budget, E-expectations, S-savvy, and T-timetable. In terms of budget, you should try to figure out first how much you intend to spend on buying diamond, and you should stick to that budget outlay; a month's salary could already be a good starting point. For expectations, it is important that you know and understand the needs and wants of the person to whom you are going to give the diamond so that you will have an idea what to look for and what to pick out from the bunch. Being savvy requires you to know the given cost of diamond in the market and the best designs available, as they say knowledge is power; and for the element of timetable, you must have a laid plan about when and where you intend to give the diamond, do not haste things and be sure to give yourself enough time to analyze things.

Now that you have a crash course about making diamond purchase, you should also know where to buy your sparklers. You have two options where you could get your diamond jewelry gifts, first is for you to go online and second is to check your local jewelry shops. Buying online is probably one of the most practical means to buy diamond gifts because you don't have to break a sweat and everything is just one click away; however, the drawbacks with this are you cannot appraise the diamond and the possibility of scams are high but if you really want this option, be sure to do a background check on the online stores where you intend to purchase. The latter option of buying your diamond gifts on you local jewelry store is a better choice because you would be able to appraise the diamond personally and long time jewelers could help you out with your questions, which would assist you in arriving at the right decision.

As for the diamond, always remember the 4Cs: clarity, color, cut and carat; all of which are important elements that determine the real value of sparklers. Clarity is what determines how free from blemishes and inclusions a diamond is. Different types of diamond are assigned with clarity grades that may range from flawless to obvious inclusions. Sometimes, due to quality issues there are diamond pieces that are treated to reduce their imperfections by irradiation, filling imperfections, or laser drilling, these are known as clarity enhanced sparklers which are usually lesser in value.

When it comes to color, diamond pieces are available in virtually all colors; however, colored sparklers are rare and truly expensive so chances are, the sparklers you would see during your shopping are either white or yellow in color but between the two, it would be better to go for whiter diamond pieces. This is because the yellow coloring of sparklers came from nitrogen which affect their sharp and sparkly features; hence, as a rule of thumb, the yellower the diamond, the cheaper it becomes. When it comes to cut, diamond pieces could be cut in different ways, the most common of which is the round brilliant cut. More than indicating the shape of the diamond, a cut also determines how sparkly such gemstone will be.

It is never enough for a diamond to be clear and white, because your diamond will not sparkle unless it is cut properly. As cut is extremely hard to analyze, the three things that you should look at are brilliance, fire and scintillation; however, if you really want to make things easier, the standard round brilliant cut is probably the most preferable choice compared to other cut. Lastly, the carat refers to the unit weight of a diamond. Majority of diamond pieces used for fine jewelry often weight one carat or less; this is because a fraction of a carat can make a big difference on the value of diamond.

Purchasing diamond jewelry gifts is a daunting task. Hence, it is always best to be an informed buyer in order to get the most out of your money. Not because a diamond is round brilliant cut doesn't mean it's already a good purchase. Remember that there are still three remaining Cs that you have to consider. A clarity enhanced diamond might be inexpensive but also consider the quality. Educating oneself is a good way to make the right purchasing decisions.

Types of Umbrella Services For Contractor Payroll Solutions

Since IR35 legislation was brought in to effect in 2000, many contractors have benefited from handling their payroll through an umbrella services provider.

As many of the most lucrative contracts involve terms and conditions which effectively make the contractor a temporary employee of the client, a large number of contractors come under its remit. Unfortunately unlike regular employees, contractors have to take responsibility for their paperwork and tax returns.

When it comes to the IR35 legislation, the most effective way of doing this is through an umbrella company - in short, outsourcing your payroll to another company, who'll handle all the paperwork, administration and invoicing for a small fee.

Such companies often offer a variety of umbrella services to contractors beyond handling their salary. As well as providing a solution for keeping their PAYE contributions compliant with HMRC regulations, umbrella companies often have extensive policies for HMRC compliant expenses. Some of the best also offer professional insurance packages to safeguard their clients from liability for mistakes made by employers, the HMRC, the company or even the contractor themselves - umbrella companies will process your records but they can't help you keep them after all.

The more flexible umbrella companies also offer a competitive, tailored fee structure. As not every contractor is the same, and neither is every contract, having the option of a variable weekly or fixed monthly management fee can be a big help. Often the more experienced and established providers will also offer 'immediate' processing of all income received; rather than waiting for a set payroll date, they'll begin work on clearing money into your account as soon as possible.

Perhaps one of the best umbrella services though is their provision for workers rights for contractors. As self-employed individuals, many contractors miss out on the employee rights that are standard in most businesses. An umbrella company can offer full statutory employment rights to client contractors, including maternity/paternity and sick pay.

Of course there is always the option of handling your accounts through the limited company structure. However, this will leave you fully culpable for any timekeeping, salary, invoice or expense mistakes that go through to HMRC and could result in heavy fees for inaccurate or late returns. It will also mean you miss out on the many benefits offered by umbrella services.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/3943236

Corporate Gifts Eco-Friendly

Corporate gifting has become the norm these days, that if a company fails in this line is absolutely on his deathbed. Present trends are green laced with a company name. It is true that most companies overlook the need to go green, but it is no secret that environmentally friendly options can swing business your way.

corporate gifts in the world tends rapidly expanding globally through the environment-The following. Have you ever been recycledCorporate Gifts Eco-friendly, the owner or plastic made from corn sharing? If organic products are passed on to consumers, the company can reduce environmental degradation.

Eco gifts are available in several categories as one. You can organic, recycling, energy saving, efficient and biodegradable. This massive range of categories, you may have all the gifts of the case. This is the concrete way of respect for the environment.

Company, Take That "Objectives" to the extent of publication gifts save the environment green. In the past, eco gifts were not taken seriously. Today, while traveling through many parts of the world, companies have donated more than green. General meetings, anniversaries, or Initial Public Offering of shares, gifts were presented.

For companies to increase revenue on time this time of difficult economic conditions have eyes eco-gifts.Therefore, promotional items such as calendars, hats, watches, computers, notebooks, pens, notebooks and bags are used as marketing tools. Eco gifts are elegant, exclusive and completely environmentally friendly.

By adding a company logo on packages of seed and ecologically appropriate gifts, save the earth, as the focus for their services. Eco gifts are a way that your company business. Now, with gifts, you are honor-clientWhen you save the environment.

What All Should A Custom Key Chain Have?

A custom key chain as is self explanatory is one that is custom made to suit one’s specific marketing needs and requirements so to gain maximum benefit out of one’s marketing steps. If you are planning to use this potential tool to advertise your products/services, make sure it has the following things:

-Your company's logo, the slogan, and the colors of your business to help achieve successful and efficient advertisement.

-Your contact information, including your phone number, mobile number, fax number, and email address so that customers know how to get in touch with you when they want your services or products.

-A small write-up/marketing message about your business to give your potential customers information about your specific products and services.

-Direct linking with your business to help the recipients get to know what your do or offer. Custom key chain that is related to your business helps take the guess work out and serves as a strong marketing tool.

-Great quality. No matter whether you choose metal custom keychains or plastic custom promotional item, choose quality over quantity. Great quality help build great business rapport.

If you wish to buy top quality carabiner key chain, metal keychain, plastic keychain, leather keychain, USB keychain, LED flash light keychain, or any other custom keychains made especially for you & your brand, you may visit www.promotionalkeychains.biz

Effective Marketing With Promotional Pens

Promotional products are one of the most popular and affective ways to see your ROI number rise. Among the thousands of choices in promotional products, promotional pens remain a favorite. Not only to they get your company logo out there and branded, but they are used regularly.

My Promotional Pens offers cheap printing prices on all custom printed Promotional products, personalized customer service and art direction, free art proof and logo help and we have a huge variety of printing choices available. If you do not see what you're looking for on the new website, just give us a call or email and we'll find it for you. We guarantee lowest prices, so we will beat any price on any product! 

The Benefits of Yoga

Yoga is a healing system of theory and practice. It is a combination of breathing exercises (pranayama), physical postures (asana), deep relaxation (yoga nidra) and meditation (dyana), practiced for more than 5,000 years.

While Yoga evolved as a religious practice in Hinduism, in the Western world has grown as a form of purely physiological, psychological, mental and spiritual practice. Most of the yoga practices in the western yoga have little or nothing to do with Hinduism, but are simply a way of keeping all levels of the human being, fit and healthy and this is only a part of the broad view of yoga. Through the practice of yoga, we become aware of the interconnection between our spiritual, mental, emotional and physical levels. Gradually this awareness leads us to an understanding of the more subtle areas of our existence.

Yoga practice prevents specific diseases and maladies by keeping the energy meridians (nadis) open and life energy (prana) flowing. Yoga is considered a mind-body intervention that is used to reduce the health effects of generalized stress.

Laboratory tests have proved the yogi's increased abilities of consciously controlling autonomic or involuntary functions, such as temperature, heartbeat and blood pressure.

Yoga acts both as a curative and preventive therapy. According to medical scientists, yoga therapy is successful because of the balance created in the nervous and endocrine systems which directly influences all the other systems and organs of the body.

Regular practice of poses (asanas), breathing exercises (pranayama), deep relaxation (yoga nidra) and meditation, can help such diverse ailments such as: acidity , allergies, Alzheimer disease, anaemia, anger, anxiety, arthritis, asthma, back pain, bronchitis, cancer, carpal tunnel syndrome, chronic fatigue, colitis, common cold, constipation, depression, diabetes, epilepsy, eye problems, facial wrinkles, gastro-intestinal disorders, headaches, heartburn, haemorrhoids, hepatitis, high blood pressure, hypertension, immune-deficiency, impotence, menopause, menstrual cramps, migraines, multiple sclerosis, muscular dystrophy, nervous tension, obesity, osteoporosis, prostate, enlargement, sciatica, skin problems, sleep apnoea, slipped disk, sterility, stiffness, stress, insomnia, intoxication, thyroid problems, kidney stones, stuttering and stammering, urinary tract disorders for women, vaginal infections and many more.

Read more: http://www.articlesbase.com/yoga-articles/the-benefits-of-yoga-548787.html