A personal computer (PC) is a computing device which is made of many other district electronic components that all function together in order to accomplish for some useful task. We are describing computer having distinct parts that work together. Most of the computers today are modular. They have their components which can be removed and replace easily for upgrading our PC. Each components has a very specific function and having his own role in PC. You will be learning more about the components that make a typical PC, what their function is and how they work together inside the PC.
Wednesday
Friday
NZXT Hades PC Case Review
After working with this chassis, I can safely say that there's nothing hellish about NZXT's Hades mid-tower ATX case. It's feature rich with a good cable management design and a drive cage design built for maximum configuration options. The cooling performance is excellent, yet easy on the ears and the built in fan controllers allow the user to custom tailor the performance to suit the installed hardware. And, let's not forget the temperature monitoring feature. Widely available and priced at around $80 US, the Hades is also a hell of a deal, considering the feature set and overall quality. Read more...
SMPS
A switched-mode power supply (also switching-mode power supply, SMPS, or simply switcher) is an electronic power supply unit (PSU) that incorporates a switching regulator in order to provide the required dc output voltage.
Although the term "power supply" has been in use since radios were first powered from the line/mains, that does not mean that it is a source of power, in the sense that a battery provides power. It is simply a device that (usually) accepts commercial AC power and provides one or more DC outputs. It would be more correctly referred to as a power converter, but long usage has established the term.
Whilst a linear regulator maintains the desired output voltage by dissipating excess power in a pass power transistor, the switched-mode power supply switches a power transistor between saturation (full on) and cutoff (completely off) with a variable duty cycle whose average is the desired output voltage. It switches at a much higher frequency (tens to hundreds of kHz) than that of the AC line (mains). This means that the transformer that it feeds can be much smaller than one connected directly to the line/mains. Switching creates a rectangular waveform that typically goes to the primary of the transformer.
Usually several secondaries feed rectifiers, series inductors, and filter capacitors to provide various DC outputs with low ripple.
THe main advantage of this method is greater efficiency because the switching transistor dissipates little power when it is outside of its active region (i.e., when the transistor acts like a switch and either has a negligible voltage drop across it or a negligible current through it). Other advantages include smaller size and lighter weight (from the elimination of low frequency transformers which have a high weight) and lower heat generation due to higher efficiency. Disadvantages include greater complexity, the generation of high-amplitude, high-frequency energy that the low-pass filter must block to avoid electromagnetic interference (EMI), and a ripple voltage at the switching frequency and the harmonic frequencies thereof.
Very low cost SMPS may couple electrical switching noise back onto the mains power line, causing interference with A/V equipment connected to the same phase. Non power-factor-corrected SMPSs also cause harmonic distortion.
If the SMPS has an AC input, then the first stage is to convert the input to DC. This is called rectification. The rectifier circuit can be configured as a voltage doubler by the addition of a switch operated either manually or automatically. This is a feature of larger supplies to permit operation from nominally 120 volt or 240 volt supplies. The rectifier produces an unregulated DC voltage which is then sent to a large filter capacitor. The current drawn from the mains supply by this rectifier circuit occurs in short pulses around the AC voltage peaks. These pulses have significant high frequency energy which reduces the power factor. Special control techniques can be employed by the following SMPS to force the average input current to follow the sinusoidal shape of the AC input voltage thus the designer should try correcting the power factor. An SMPS with a DC input does not require this stage. An SMPS designed for AC input can often be run from a DC supply (for 230V AC this would be 330V DC), as the DC passes through the rectifier stage unchanged. It's however advisable to consult the manual before trying this, though most supplies are quite capable of such operation even though nothing is mentioned in the documentation. However, this type of use may be harmful to the rectifier stage as it will only utilize half of diodes in the rectifier for the full load. This may result in overheating of these components, and cause them to fail prematurely. [3]
If an input range switch is used, the rectifier stage is usually configured to operate as a voltage doubler when operating on the low voltage (~120 VAC) range and as a straight rectifier when operating on the high voltage (~240 VAC) range. If an input range switch is not used, then a full-wave rectifier is usually used and the downstream inverter stage is simply designed to be flexible enough to accept the wide range of dc voltages that will be produced by the rectifier stage. In higher-power SMPSs, some form of automatic range switching may be used.
The inverter stage converts DC, whether directly from the input or from the rectifier stage described above, to AC by running it through a power oscillator, whose output transformer is very small with few windings at a frequency of tens or hundreds of kilohertz (kHz). The frequency is usually chosen to be above 20 kHz, to make it inaudible to humans. The output voltage is optically coupled to the input and thus very tightly controlled. The switching is implemented as a multistage (to achieve high gain) MOSFET amplifier. MOSFETs are a type of transistor with a low on-resistance and a high current-handling capacity. Since only the last stage has a large duty cycle, previous stages can be implemented by bipolar transistors leading to roughly the same efficiency. The second last stage needs to be of a complementary design, where one transistor charges the last MOSFET and another one discharges the MOSFET. A design using a resistor would run idle most of the time and reduce efficiency. All earlier stages do not weight into efficiency because power decreases by a factor of 10 for every stage (going backwards) and thus the earlier stages are responsible for at most 1% of the efficiency. This section refers to the block marked Chopper in the block diagram.
Although the term "power supply" has been in use since radios were first powered from the line/mains, that does not mean that it is a source of power, in the sense that a battery provides power. It is simply a device that (usually) accepts commercial AC power and provides one or more DC outputs. It would be more correctly referred to as a power converter, but long usage has established the term.
Whilst a linear regulator maintains the desired output voltage by dissipating excess power in a pass power transistor, the switched-mode power supply switches a power transistor between saturation (full on) and cutoff (completely off) with a variable duty cycle whose average is the desired output voltage. It switches at a much higher frequency (tens to hundreds of kHz) than that of the AC line (mains). This means that the transformer that it feeds can be much smaller than one connected directly to the line/mains. Switching creates a rectangular waveform that typically goes to the primary of the transformer.
Usually several secondaries feed rectifiers, series inductors, and filter capacitors to provide various DC outputs with low ripple.
THe main advantage of this method is greater efficiency because the switching transistor dissipates little power when it is outside of its active region (i.e., when the transistor acts like a switch and either has a negligible voltage drop across it or a negligible current through it). Other advantages include smaller size and lighter weight (from the elimination of low frequency transformers which have a high weight) and lower heat generation due to higher efficiency. Disadvantages include greater complexity, the generation of high-amplitude, high-frequency energy that the low-pass filter must block to avoid electromagnetic interference (EMI), and a ripple voltage at the switching frequency and the harmonic frequencies thereof.
Very low cost SMPS may couple electrical switching noise back onto the mains power line, causing interference with A/V equipment connected to the same phase. Non power-factor-corrected SMPSs also cause harmonic distortion.
If the SMPS has an AC input, then the first stage is to convert the input to DC. This is called rectification. The rectifier circuit can be configured as a voltage doubler by the addition of a switch operated either manually or automatically. This is a feature of larger supplies to permit operation from nominally 120 volt or 240 volt supplies. The rectifier produces an unregulated DC voltage which is then sent to a large filter capacitor. The current drawn from the mains supply by this rectifier circuit occurs in short pulses around the AC voltage peaks. These pulses have significant high frequency energy which reduces the power factor. Special control techniques can be employed by the following SMPS to force the average input current to follow the sinusoidal shape of the AC input voltage thus the designer should try correcting the power factor. An SMPS with a DC input does not require this stage. An SMPS designed for AC input can often be run from a DC supply (for 230V AC this would be 330V DC), as the DC passes through the rectifier stage unchanged. It's however advisable to consult the manual before trying this, though most supplies are quite capable of such operation even though nothing is mentioned in the documentation. However, this type of use may be harmful to the rectifier stage as it will only utilize half of diodes in the rectifier for the full load. This may result in overheating of these components, and cause them to fail prematurely. [3]
If an input range switch is used, the rectifier stage is usually configured to operate as a voltage doubler when operating on the low voltage (~120 VAC) range and as a straight rectifier when operating on the high voltage (~240 VAC) range. If an input range switch is not used, then a full-wave rectifier is usually used and the downstream inverter stage is simply designed to be flexible enough to accept the wide range of dc voltages that will be produced by the rectifier stage. In higher-power SMPSs, some form of automatic range switching may be used.
The inverter stage converts DC, whether directly from the input or from the rectifier stage described above, to AC by running it through a power oscillator, whose output transformer is very small with few windings at a frequency of tens or hundreds of kilohertz (kHz). The frequency is usually chosen to be above 20 kHz, to make it inaudible to humans. The output voltage is optically coupled to the input and thus very tightly controlled. The switching is implemented as a multistage (to achieve high gain) MOSFET amplifier. MOSFETs are a type of transistor with a low on-resistance and a high current-handling capacity. Since only the last stage has a large duty cycle, previous stages can be implemented by bipolar transistors leading to roughly the same efficiency. The second last stage needs to be of a complementary design, where one transistor charges the last MOSFET and another one discharges the MOSFET. A design using a resistor would run idle most of the time and reduce efficiency. All earlier stages do not weight into efficiency because power decreases by a factor of 10 for every stage (going backwards) and thus the earlier stages are responsible for at most 1% of the efficiency. This section refers to the block marked Chopper in the block diagram.
Wednesday
Special Made Jewellery Provide Extremely Versatile Bracelets
The Thomas Sabo pendant along with other jewelry lines are directed at both ladies and gentlemen. It is the main significant achievement of this high quality silver diamond jewelry.
One of the most endearingly well-liked items will be the appeal necklace. These charms originate from every attention and aspect of life that you can think of. In the current society, we're into being exclusive and showing other people who we're. It is before you get the sabo jewellery and charm collection.
All pendants and bracelets are sterling silver in the highest top quality. Depending on the length of the thomas sabo, it has several unique weights. You'll be ready at approximately dhs80 in cost and get to dhs250.
If you buy a charm pendant, it really is advised to put on no more than 3 charms. Due to the weight with the silver, your neck will get weighed down fairly fast. It isn't easy limiting yourself. You will get as several charms as you want with a bracelet. Having a thomas sabo jewellery, you can make a special selection of charms and then just alternate.
Nowadays, numerous adult men are going for the Thomas Sabo Necklace. There are lots of manly necklaces and necklaces that hold a far more chunky character. There's a simple collection of Gothic expensive jewelry that appeal to a lot of men as well. You cannot find any reason in today's time, why necklaces lines can't cater much more on the person sides of adult males.
Anyone can add-ons with their Thomas Sabo Necklace. It is possible to purchase rings, earrings, key chains, bracelets, along with the endless number of charms. The statement to be made with this jewelry is pretty much infinitely varied.
If you're searching for Thomas Sabo necklaces, quite a few retailers online sell this fine line of sterling silver diamond jewelry. Several suppliers offer everything from the wide collection of necklaces and charms, to bracelets, earrings, rings, and more. You could find whatever you are looking for in terms of thomas sabo. Get in on a top notch silver jewelry line which might be as unique essential. There genuinely is some thing unique for everyone.
Promotional Hand Warmers At A Great Price!
As we watch Britain shiver under a blanket of snow and ice, maybe you can turn this to your advantage.
At Code Promotional Merchandise we can offer a great deal on promotional hand warmers. You can now get 500 of these oval shaped hand warmers printed one colour, delivered for just £575 exc VAT!!
Call Code Promotional Merchandise today on 0844 879 7323 for more details.
At Code Promotional Merchandise we can offer a great deal on promotional hand warmers. You can now get 500 of these oval shaped hand warmers printed one colour, delivered for just £575 exc VAT!!
Call Code Promotional Merchandise today on 0844 879 7323 for more details.
Sunday
Latest Motherboard
ASUS RAMPAGE EXTREME :
SOCKET : 775
PRICE : $400 (RM1320)
SPECIFICATION :
CPU - INTEL SOCKET 775 (INTEL CORE 2 EXTREME, CORE 2 QUAD, CORE 2 DUO, DUAL CORE, CELERON DUAL CORE, CELERON, PLEASE REFER TO WWW.ASUS.COM )
CHIPSET - INTEL X48/ICH9R, INTEL FAST MEMORY ACCESS TECHNOLOGY
FRONT SIDE BUS (FSB) - 1600/1333/1066/800 Mhz
MEMORY (RAM) - 4 X DIMM, MAX 8GB, DDR3 2000(O.C)/1800(O.C)/1600/1333/1066/800
- DUAL CHANNEL MEMORY ACHITECTURE
- SUPPORT INTEL EXTREME MEMORY PROFILE (XMP)
REFER TO WWW.ASUS.COM
EXPANSION SLOT - 2 X PCIe 2.0 X 16
- 3 X PCIe X1
- 2 X PCIe 2.2
CROSSFIRE - SUPPORT ATI CROSSFIRE X TECHNOLOGY GRAPHIC CARDS
12 USB
SOUND + LAN + IEE 1394 (2 PORTS)
FOR MORE PLEASE VISIT WWW.ASUS.COM
Monday
Free Online Dating-Loneliness Turned To Happiness
Having problems setting up a twosome for an evening where you would like to ask some one out on a date but not sure how or who to ask. Your match made in heaven is out there but how do you find that person. The first step to take is to contact a Matchmaking agency to lighten the load and do the work for you. Agencies as such are setting people up by the minute in relationships. Matchmaking agencies act in a professional manner and conduct the dating process accordingly.
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